In New Orleans, when we talk about “masking Indian,” we’re referring to one of our city’s most sacred cultural traditions. Black Masking Indians, also known as Mardi Gras Indians, represent a unique fusion of African American and Native American cultural heritage that dates back to the 1800s.
The Origins
The tradition began as a way to honor Native American tribes who sheltered enslaved people seeking freedom. It evolved into a complex culture of music, craftsmanship, and community leadership that continues to be passed down through generations.
The Suits
Each year, Indians create elaborate new suits, spending thousands of hours hand-sewing intricate beadwork and crafting massive feathered crowns. These suits tell stories through their imagery and represent both personal expression and cultural continuity.
The colors aren’t random:
- Red and Yellow: Many Downtown tribes
- Blue and White: Uptown tribes
- But each tribe makes its own choices
The Hierarchy
Each tribe has specific roles:
- Big Chief: The leader who makes major decisions
- Queen: Often leads the singing and helps guide the tribe
- Spy Boy: Scouts ahead during processions
- Flag Boy: Carries the gang’s flag and communicates with the chief
- Wild Man: Helps clear the way
The Music
The distinctive sound of Indian music comes from tambourines and hand drums, accompanying call-and-response chants that have been passed down and evolved over generations.
Common songs include:
- “Indian Red” (a sacred prayer)
- “Two-Way-Pak-E-Way”
- “Meet De Boys On The Battlefront”
The Calendar
While most associated with Mardi Gras Day, Indians mask on several important dates:
- Mardi Gras morning
- St. Joseph’s Night (March 19)
- Super Sunday (mid-March)
- Various practice nights year-round
The Culture
- Practice sessions at community bars
- The importance of sewing circles
- Teaching younger generations
- The role of Indian practice in community leadership
The Protocol
There are specific ways to interact with masking Indians:
- Ask permission before taking photos
- Never touch a suit without permission
- Learn to appreciate the craft and commitment
- Understand the difference between appreciation and appropriation
Looking Forward
While deeply traditional, Indian culture continues to evolve:
- New materials and techniques in suits
- Adapting to climate change (lighter materials for hotter Mardi Gras)
- Preserving traditions while embracing change
- Supporting the next generation
How to Support
- Visit the Backstreet Cultural Museum
- Support the Mardi Gras Indian Council
- Attend authorized cultural events
- Learn from proper cultural bearers
This post is part of our “Why We…” series exploring the traditions that make New Orleans unique. We gratefully acknowledge the cultural bearers who maintain these traditions and share their knowledge.
